Title: Science of the sea. An elementary handbook of practical oceanography for travellers, sailors, and yachtsmen
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: Challenger Society Fowler, G. Herbert (George Herbert), 1861-1940
Subjects: Oceanography Ocean
Publisher: London, John Murray
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Biodiversity Heritage Library
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CHART VIII.— AREAS OF MARINE DISTRIBUTION. The areas here adopted for the purposes of the Challenger Societys Bibliography of Marine Faunas are based on what appears to be the natural boundaries of temperaturecurrent, depth, etc., which affect the distribution of both floating and bottom animals. [Between pp. 256, 257. VARIOUS 251 forms often encrust stones in large sheets. They arestrangely degenerate animals, for they begin life as free-swimming, tadpole-like larvae, which approach some-what to the Vertebrates in their structure.
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Fig. 177.—Serpula, a Tube-dwellingBristle-Worm. (From the Cam-bridge Natural History, by per-mission of Messrs. Macmillan.) Fig. 178.— Amphi-nome, a Bristle-Worm (Blake), 252 ANIMALS OF THE SEA FLOOR As regards the geographical distribution of theanimals inhabiting moderate depths, it may be said,speaking very generally, that the character of the faunais determined rather by temperature than by geogra-phical position. Thus it is found that genera andeven species of animals, which may be dredged at adepth of a few fathoms in the Arctic regions, occur atgreater depths in the more southern parts of theirrange, where the shallow water is too warm for them.For example, a certain starfish which is found com-monly off the west coast of Ireland between 300 and400 fathoms, and which stretches as far south as theBay of Biscay in deep water, occurs at a depth of15 fathoms within the Arctic circle. Again, the currentof relatively cold water which runs northwards alongthe west coast of South A
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